The authors of the article consider the means and methods of education, folk experience and pedagogical heritage of folk pedagogy in the education of an ethnos subject in the ethnopedagogy of the Kazakh and Bashkir peoples. At the same time, the comparative aspect describes in detail the foundations of the cultural identity of ethnic groups, their connection with history, language, traditions, customs, religious beliefs, as well as its role in the upbringing of the individual. In the history of the education of the Kazakh and Bashkir peoples, noble spiritual values and educational heritage that have developed over the centuries constitute enduring rules and principles that are passed down from generation to generation, strengthen the virtues of the individual, generate a wise way of life of the people. Ethno-cultural heritage is the golden core of personality education. On its basis, mutual harmony and spiritual connection of peoples in the upbringing of their generation is strengthened. Consequently, a person brought up in this way is characterized as a person who reveres Turkic culture and virtue.