This article is aimed at determining the structure of project-based learning technology in the system of professional training of future special educators and the scientific and methodological justification of its experimental components. The formation of professional competence of specialists working with children with special educational needs in modern conditions of inclusive education requires practice-oriented, integrative and reflective learning formats. In this context, the technology of project-based learning was considered as a means of comprehensive development of the subject, diagnostic, communicative and research skills of future special educators. The methodological basis of the research is a system analysis, which allows us to determine the logic of introducing project-based learning technology into the professional training process, taking into account the multilevel structure of the higher pedagogical education system. Methods of comparison, classification, logical analysis, synthesis and deduction were also used. As a result of the research, the structural components of project-based learning technology (target, content, organizational, reflexive and evaluative blocks) are systematized and a structural and content model based on their interrelation is proposed. At the same time, the main practical components implemented in the training of future special educators are identified: modeling professional situations, performing project tasks in an inclusive education environment, making decisions based on data, mechanisms for cooperation and feedback. The presented structure and practical components are aimed at improving the effectiveness of the formation of professional competencies of future special educators and can serve as a theoretical and practical basis for the modernization of educational programs at universities. The results of the study have practical value for teachers and students of pedagogical universities, special educators and other employees of schools for children with special needs.