The article contains theoretical and practical results based on the materials of the research conducted by the authors: systemic and structural analysis of the concept of ‘social role’ is presented; the effectiveness of introducing into practice of the predicted socio-pedagogical directions of work on the formation of social roles along the main lines of socio-role activity (‘student-teacher’, ‘student – student’, ‘student – study’, ‘student – external environment’) is theoretically substantiated; management system of the school's educational environment has been developed, focused on the relationship between the social roles of students and educational tasks for their development; the author's tools for diagnosing and monitoring the social-role set of high school students and program for the formation of social roles of high school students are described.