This article describes the place and importance of practice in the formation of professional competence of future teachers on the basis of practice-oriented training. Currently, positive qualitative changes are taking place in the process of practice-oriented training, which are manifested in the modernization of professional training, changing its content and revising all its components. In such cases, there is a need to search for methods and approaches that contribute to the preparation of a professionally adapted personality, taking into account the specific needs of employers. The authors analyzed the scientific and theoretical basis of personality formation in this direction and gave examples of the influence of a personality-oriented approach on practice-oriented learning. The article also examines the research of foreign scientists and comprehensively analyzes methodological approaches to the formation of professional competence of future teachers, ensuring successful professional adaptation of graduates in the modern labor market.