The article examines the problems of formation and development of critical thinking, interdisciplinary and mathematical knowledge in students in the process of studying mathematical models of teaching professional skills and abilities. The purpose and significance of this work is to develop a methodology for the formation and development of critical thinking, interdisciplinary knowledge, and skills in constructing differential models in students. Analysis of the research results (literature analysis, diagnostic tests, surveys, interviews with students) revealed that the process of formation and development of critical thinking consists of the formation and development of research skills, reflection skills, application of deduction, and interdisciplinary knowledge. At the same time, to implement such work, it is necessary to develop a list of small topics describing real phenomena that combine interdisciplinary knowledge. The work uses two examples to illustrate the methodology for studying model equations in the context of the formation and development of critical thinking in students through general concepts and interdisciplinary knowledge. The proposed methodology contributes to the further development of the methodology for the formation and development of critical thinking and interdisciplinary knowledge in students. The obtained results can be used when writing integrated courses.