Against the background of the ever-increasing role of education in shaping economic structural change, especially engineering education, this study aims to investigate the impact of higher education on economic growth. The method of analysis includes a review of recent academic publications, focusing on the impact of education on economic growth and modelling the relationship between education and structural change in the economy. The analysis examines the factors considered in the context of research on the correlations between education, science and structural shifts in the economy. The paper also discusses various methods for modelling the relationship between education and economic growth, including promising approaches based on machine learning techniques. As a result of the presented comprehensive review of the current state of research in this area, directions for future research are identified.